The firebombing campaign should start with an eighth Force USAAF bombing of Dresden on February 13, but bad weather over Europe prevented any U.S. operation. It is then for the RAF Bomber Command to carry out the first raid.
During the evening of February 13, bombers RAF Avro 796 Lancaster and 9 De Havilland Mosquitoes were sent in two separate waves and dropped 1478 tonnes of explosives and 1182 tons of incendiaries in the early hours of February 14.
The second attack, 3 hours later, was a very Lancaster attack by aircraft of 1, 3, 6 and 8 groups, with 8 Group providing standard Pathfinder marking. The weather had cleared and then 529 Lancaster dropped more than 1,800 tons of bombs with great precision.
Later 14th on the B 311-17S U.S. dropped 771 tons of bombs on Dresden, with ship railway as their point of view.
Part of the Mustang American fighter escort was ordered to strafe traffic on the roads around Dresden to increase the chaos. Civilians fleeing the firestorm engulfing Dresden. During this raid there was a brief but may be intense dogfight between American and German fighters around Dresden.
Americans have continued the bombing on February 15, surrender 466 tons of bombs.
During these four raids a total of about 3900 tonnes bombs were dropped.
Firebombing consisted of abandoning large quantities of high explosives to blow on roofs to expose the timbers within buildings, followed by incendiary devices (fire sticks) to light them, then higher explosives to hamper efforts of fire departments. This eventually created a self-sustaining firestorm with temperatures peaking at more than 1500A ° C. After the area caught fire, the air above the bombed area became extremely hot and rose rapidly. Cold air then rushed in at ground level outside and people were sucked into the fire.
After the campaign of firebombing Main between 13th and 15th, there were two attacks Additional Dresden railway yards by the USAAF. The first was on March 2 by 406 B-17s which dropped 940 tons of bombs and explosive 141 tons of incendiary bombs. The second was April 17 when 580 B-17 dropped 1554 tons of high explosive bombs and 165 tons of incendiary bombs.
Out of 28,410 houses in the city center of Dresden, 24,866 were destroyed. An area of 15 square kilometers was totally destroyed between this follows: 14,000 homes, 72 schools, 22 hospitals, 18 churches, 5 theaters, 50 banks and insurance companies, 31 department stores, 31 large hotels, 62 office buildings and factories such as the device operates Ihagee. In total, there were 222,000 apartments in the city. 75,000 of them were totally destroyed, 11,000 severely damaged, 7,000 damaged with 81,000 slightly damaged.
The town was about 300 kilometers square surface in those days. Although the main station was completely destroyed, the railway has worked again in a few days.
The exact number of dead was a mystery by the fact that the city and the suburbs was a population of 642,000 in 1939 and was packed at the time with almost 200,000 refugees, and thousands of wounded soldiers. Some of them might have been killed and incinerated beyond recognition in the fire storm. Previous estimates reputable ranged from 25,000 to over 60,000, but historians now view around 25,000-35,000 as the likely range of the latest research of the historian Friedrich Reichert Dresden in 1994.
The ideal weather conditions on the target site, frame construction wood, "breakthroughs" linking the cellars of contiguous buildings and lack of preparation for the effects of air raids attack Dresden made a devastating. For these reasons, the loss of life in Dresden was higher than many other bombing raids during the Second War world.
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